Conclusion

As technology evolves, special attention must be paid to ensuring that access is not only enhanced but is also equitable. Smartphones with built-in features increasingly have the potential to serve as digital AT. Most smartphones have extensive accessibility features although there appear some limitations for basic models, and models capable of using only older versions of an operating system. As smartphone-market penetration grows, it is critical that manufacturers harmonize core accessibility features across all offerings, offer OS updates on all models, and where not possible, finance incentives for model switches to ensure equitable access for people with fewer resources. When operating in open systems (like Android), manufacturers and app developers are not held to common standards. This leads to variations in both physical devices and software experiences.

Whilst global guidelines like Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA), (see appendices C and D) provide benchmarks for accessibility, they are not legally enforceable unless backed by local laws. Further, they typically deal with digital content, and not specific digital devices. While both Android and iOS have developed their own accessibility guidelines, the features offered are not regularly benchmarked against prevailing standards, if and where they exist. There is no external international, or local accessibility certification that manufacturers and software developers can access to certify their product and assist consumers looking for inclusive

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products and in making informed decisions. It is critical that enforceable and localized accessibility standards be developed and incorporated into national legal frameworks for both digital content, and digital devices.

Similarly, app developers should also be incentivized to pursue inclusive design, and app certification programmes can be established to set standards and encourage developers to adopt best practices. Certified apps could then be easily identifiable to users seeking inclusive solutions.

Another key concern will be localization of accessibility features. Recognizing diverse linguistic and cultural needs, future smartphones should emphasize the localization of accessibility features. Tailoring solutions to specific regions and languages can significantly enhance the usability of smartphones for people with varying abilities.

Currently, all accessibility feature updates on the two major operating systems are likely driven by technology updates, bug reports by users, community feedback, or internal market research. There is a paucity of large-scale, representative research focusing on user preferences and feedback by disability type across core mobile accessibility features. Collaborations between manufacturers, accessibility experts, and advocacy groups can lead to more user-centric research. Understanding the unique needs and stated preferences of individuals with disabilities is crucial for developing effective and universally accessible features. Further, it is critical to facilitate dialogue between smartphone manufacturers and users with disabilities. Collecting feedback and insights directly from the community can guide the development of features that truly address the challenges faced by users with diverse abilities.

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